This paper discusses the effects of compaction on sugarcane production in South Africa. It explores how infield haulage vehicles and tillage implements compress soils, reducing pore size and increasing bulk density. These changes limit water and airflow, leading to more frequent periods of water stress and reduced yield. The paper also highlights other effects of compaction, such as reduced water infiltration, increased surface run-off potential, slower oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, and increased waterlogging. It emphasizes the importance of managing soil compaction for sustainable sugarcane cultivation.